Sharafkhah, P. (2013) Morphological and Morphometrical study on different biogeographical populations of Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intoch) (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Masters thesis, University of Zabol.
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Abstract
Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) is one of the most dominant aphid parasitoids with worldwide distribution which attack more than 60 species of aphids belonging various genera. Extensive host range and geographical distribution are known as two effective factors leading to the formation of various subpopulations with different behavioral and biological characters. This evolutionary process can be supposed as the major cause of sympatric and allopatric speciation in this paper, we study variation of morphological and morphometric characters in bio-geography populations of D. rapae on various aphids from different geographic regions. Samples collected from nine countries including Iran, Pakistan, Syria, India, Japan, Czech Republic, United States of America, Costa Rica, and Spain on 16 host aphid. First classification and selection of samples was based on three groups of host plants including Poaceae, Brassicaceae and other hosts (Oth. H.). 5-10 numbers of female wasps were slide mounted in Hoyer. Morphometric analysis were performed by measuring 23 morphological characters and using the TpsDig ver 2.05 software on menu of linear measurements and basis on series of the planar images that taken from samples. Three methods of analyzing consisting DFA, CVA and UPGMA were used to analyze data in Statistic a ver. 10 software. The differences among geographic populations, host aphids and host plants were analyzed using geometric morphometric and showed with geometrically. For this purpose, we added 15 landmarks on the images of the front wings of the 430 female wasps by using of TpsDig ver 2.05 software. Coordinates of the points by using TpsRelw ver. 1.49 software were changed like other data as weight matrix (W matrix) which used in subsequent calculations as a variable factor. Then the statistical actions were done including PCA by using of PAST ver. software and CVA and MANOVA by using of R ver. 2.14.0 software and relationship between geographical populations, the host aphid and host plant were analyzed by cluster analysis of data. Results of DFA, CVA and UPGMA analyses showed significant differences between the studied populations. Results of the study on wing shape differences in populations showed differences in the length of the metacarpus and r&Rs vein. Results of multivariate analysis on the geographical groups, host plant and interactions of these two factors showed significant differences particularly in the host communities. With the above analysis, it became clear that the populations of wheat Russian aphid and cabbage wax aphid are more similar to each other than the other aphids. It also became clear that the geometric morphometric method is a powerful tool for diagnosing similarities and differences of morphological in biotype of this species.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Diaeretiella rapae, geometric morphometric, landmarks, weight matrix, CVA, MANOVA |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QL Zoology |
| Depositing User: | admin admin1 admin2 |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Oct 2016 07:04 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2016 07:04 |
| URI: | http://eprints.uoz.ac.ir/id/eprint/904 |
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